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This book addresses the impact of important climatic changes on
plant pests (including weeds, diseases and insect pests), and their
interactions with crop plants. Anthropogenic activities have
seriously impacted the global climate. As a result, carbon dioxide
(CO2) and temperature levels of the earth are on a continuous rise.
The global temperature is expected to increase by a 3 DegreesC or
more by the end of this century. The CO2 concentration was below
300 parts per million (ppm) before the start of the industrial era;
however, recently it has exceeded 400 ppm. This is highest ever in
human history. Other than global warming and elevated CO2
concentrations, anthropogenic activities have also disturbed the
global water cycle, ultimately, impacting the quantity and
distribution of rainfall. This has resulted in drought conditions
in many parts of the world. Global warming, elevated CO2
concentration and drought are considered the most important recent
climatic changes that are impacting global ecosystems and human
societies. Among other impacts, the effects of climatic changes on
pests, pest-crop interactions and pest control are important with
relevance to global food security, and hence require immediate
attention by plant scientists. This book discusses innovative and
the most effective pest control methods under an environment of
changing climate and elaborates on the impact of drought on plant
pests and their control.
This book addresses the impact of important climatic changes on
plant pests (including weeds, diseases and insect pests), and their
interactions with crop plants. Anthropogenic activities have
seriously impacted the global climate. As a result, carbon dioxide
(CO2) and temperature levels of the earth are on a continuous rise.
The global temperature is expected to increase by a 3 DegreesC or
more by the end of this century. The CO2 concentration was below
300 parts per million (ppm) before the start of the industrial era;
however, recently it has exceeded 400 ppm. This is highest ever in
human history. Other than global warming and elevated CO2
concentrations, anthropogenic activities have also disturbed the
global water cycle, ultimately, impacting the quantity and
distribution of rainfall. This has resulted in drought conditions
in many parts of the world. Global warming, elevated CO2
concentration and drought are considered the most important recent
climatic changes that are impacting global ecosystems and human
societies. Among other impacts, the effects of climatic changes on
pests, pest-crop interactions and pest control are important with
relevance to global food security, and hence require immediate
attention by plant scientists. This book discusses innovative and
the most effective pest control methods under an environment of
changing climate and elaborates on the impact of drought on plant
pests and their control.
This collection features five peer-reviewed literature reviews on
integrated weed management in cereal cultivation. The first chapter
examines the problem of weeds in barley and explains the
application of integrated weed management (IWM) to barley
cultivation. The chapter also outlines weed control tactics and the
practical implementation of IWM in barley. The second chapter
reviews the availability of cultural strategies which can be used
in wheat cultivation as part of an IWM strategy. The chapter
considers the implementation of practices that can improve crop
health, including diverse crop rotations. The third chapter
considers the impact of weeds on maize cultivation and
productivity, as well as the emergence of IWM as a sustainable
method of controlling weeds. The chapter assesses the efficacy of
key IWM techniques, such as crop rotations. The fourth chapter
provides a detailed assessment of the biological constraints
currently impacting the productivity of rice cultivation, focusing
on the issue of weeds. The chapter includes an overview of the IWM
approach and its benefits. The final chapter focuses on competitive
cereal crops and cultural strategies for weed management, including
the use of weed-suppressive cultivars, post-harvest crop residues,
and cover crops for management of the weed seedbank and eventual
weed suppression.
This specially curated collection features five reviews of current
and key research on improving crop weed management. The first
chapter highlights the need for alternative weed control strategies
that will preserve herbicide efficacy, as well as agricultural and
environmental sustainability. The chapter discusses the role of
integrated weed management (IWM) in achieving this through the
implementation of practices that can improve plant health, such as
crop rotations and no-till farming. The second chapter considers
the use of IWM in barley cultivation. After an initial outline of
more traditional control methods, primarily the use of herbicides,
the chapter provides an example of the successful implementation of
IWM in barley in the form of two case studies. The third chapter
reviews the impact of weeds on maize grown under temperate
conditions in the United States and Europe. It provides a summary
of current weed management systems and discusses the issue of
herbicide resistance in weed varieties. The fourth chapter reviews
the use of IWM in rice cultivation for improved crop productivity
and performance and offers detailed discussions on the variety of
techniques that can be incorporated into an IWM strategy to achieve
this. The final chapter presents a number of weed management
options and considerations for sorghum, and discusses the critical
period for weed control to occur.
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